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Coronavirus and Sports,..The Effects.

Coranavirus: Athletes, coaches who have been infected with COVID-19
The first notable case of this situation in the United States came with Utah Jazz center Rudy Gobert, who was more or less patient zero for COVID-19 among the NBA community. The news of his diagnosis sent those in charge of the league to suspend the remainder of the season indefinitely -- which could only last 30 days, if commissioner Adam Silver's projection is to be believe. The reason is not only because of the contact he's made with other players with either on-court physicality or postgame handshakes, but also because of a decision to jokingly rub microphones after a press conference. Here is a list of all the professional athletes that have been diagnosed with coronavirus.

Professional athletes with COVID-19
 
Raptors test negative for COVID-19; were last opponents of Jazz

Coronavirus tests for members of the Toronto Raptors travel party have all come back negative, the team announced Saturday. The Raptors were the last team to face the Utah Jazz and stars Rudy Gobert and Donovan Mitchell, who have since tested positive for the virus. Gobert's positive test led the NBA to suspend its regular season Wednesday night. On the heels of that news becoming public, Raptors players and coaches spent that evening scrambling to get tested.

For More On The Story, Click Here,
 
Coronavirus ends XFL season early: Five players who could land on their feet in the NFL
QB P.J. Walker, WR Cam Phillips, CB Deatrick, QB Jordan Ta'amu, DT Cavon Walker.

XFL players can reportedly sign with NFL teams as early as this weekend after the season ended prematurely. With NFL teams gearing up for free agency (the legal tampering period is still tentatively scheduled to begin on Monday), more options are now on the table for personnel departments that have been keeping up with the reborn league since it kicked off the weekend following the Super Bowl. Here are five players we think did enough to earn a spot on an NFL team over the first (and only) five weeks of the XFL season.

For Complete Story, Click Here.
 
No American minority group has been caricatured as often, in as many ways, as have blacks. These caricatures combined distorted physical descriptions and negative cultural and behavior stereotypes. The Coon caricature, for example, was a tall, skinny, loose-jointed, dark-skinned male, often bald, with oversized, ruby-red lips. His clothing was either ragged and dirty or outlandishly gaudy. His slow, exaggerated gait suggested laziness. He was a pauper, lacking ambition and the skills necessary for upward social mobility. He was a buffoon. When frightened, the Coon's eyes bulged and darted. His speech was slurred, halted, and replete with malapropisms. His shrill, high-pitched voice made whites laugh. The Coon caricature dehumanized blacks, and served as a justification for social, economic, and political discrimination.


Nigger may be viewed as an umbrella term - a way of saying that blacks have the negative characteristics of the Coon, Buck, Tom, Mammy, Sambo, Picaninny, and other anti-black caricatures. Nigger, like the caricatures it encompasses and implies, belittles blacks, and rationalizes their mistreatment. The use of the word or its variants by blacks has not significantly lessened its sting. This is not surprising. The historical relationship between European Americans and African Americans was shaped by a racial hierarchy which spanned three centuries. Anti-black attitudes, values, and behavior were normative. Historically, nigger more than any word captured the personal antipathy and institutionalized racism directed toward blacks. It still does.


© Dr. David Pilgrim, Professor of Sociology, and Dr. Phillip Middleton, Professor of Languages and Literature,
Ferris State University.
Sept., 2001
Edited 2012



1 An earlier version of this paper, entitled "Purposeful Venom Revisited," was published in Matthews (1999, pp. 91-93). David Pilgrim is a sociologist; Phillip Middleton is a linguist.


2 Dictionaries typically defined nigger as a synonym for Negro, Black, or dark-skinned people. See, for example, Wentworth (1944, p. 412). Recent dictionaries are more likely to mention that nigger is a term of contempt. Please read Williams (2001).


3 Even innocent words - boy, girl, and uncle - took on racist meanings when applied to blacks.


4 For a brief analysis of these terms see, Simpson (1989, pp. 401-405).

References

Allen-Taylor, J. D. (1998, April 9-15). New word order. Metro. Retrieved from http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/04.09.98/cover/nigger-9814.html.


Baraka, A. (1969). Black magic: Sabotage, Target study, Black art: Collected poetry, 1961-1967. 1969. New York, NY: Bobbs-Merrill.


Bender, L. (Producer), & Tarantino, Q. (Director). (1994). Pulp fiction [Motion picture]. United States: Miramax Films.


Bender, L. (Producer), & Tarantino, Q. (Director) (1997). Jackie Brown [Motion picture]. United States: Miramax Films.


Christie, A. (1982). Ten little niggers. Glasgow: Collins.


Driver, J. (2001, June 11). Black comedy's reactionary hipness: The mirth of a nation. The New Republic, 224, 29-33.


Ehrlich, H J. (1973). The social psychology of prejudice: A systematic theoretical review and propositional inventory of the American social psychological study of prejudice. New York, NY: Wiley.


Green, J. (1984). The dictionary of contemporary slang. New York, NY: Stein and Day.


Henderson, S. E. (1972). Understanding the new Black poetry: Black speech and Black music as poetic references. New York, NY: William Morrow and Company.


Jolly Jingles. (n.d.). Chicago, IL: M.A. Donohue & Company. Matthews, G. E. (Ed.) (1999). Journey towards nationalism: The implications of race and racism. New York, NY: Forbes.


Newmyer, R. F., & Silver, J. (Producers), & Fuqua, A. (Director). (2001). Training day [Motion picture]. United States: Warner Bros. Pictures.


Palmore, E. (1962, January). Ethnophaulisms and ethnocentrism. American Journal of Sociology 67, 442-445.


Schaefer, R. T. (2000). Racial and ethnic groups (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.


Shakur, T. (1991). Crooked ass nigga. Retrieved from http://lyrics.wikia.com/2Pac:Crooked_Ass_Nigga.


Simpson, J. A., & Weiner, E. S. C. (1989). The Oxford English dictionary. (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Wentworth, H. (1944). American dialect dictionary. New York, NY: Thomas Y. Crowell Co.


Williams, C. M. (2001). Nigger. In Kim Pearson's dictionary of slurs. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20090223185954/http://kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu/Dictionary/nigger.htm.
 
No American minority group has been caricatured as often, in as many ways, as have blacks. These caricatures combined distorted physical descriptions and negative cultural and behavior stereotypes. The Coon caricature, for example, was a tall, skinny, loose-jointed, dark-skinned male, often bald, with oversized, ruby-red lips. His clothing was either ragged and dirty or outlandishly gaudy. His slow, exaggerated gait suggested laziness. He was a pauper, lacking ambition and the skills necessary for upward social mobility. He was a buffoon. When frightened, the Coon's eyes bulged and darted. His speech was slurred, halted, and replete with malapropisms. His shrill, high-pitched voice made whites laugh. The Coon caricature dehumanized blacks, and served as a justification for social, economic, and political discrimination.


Nigger may be viewed as an umbrella term - a way of saying that blacks have the negative characteristics of the Coon, Buck, Tom, Mammy, Sambo, Picaninny, and other anti-black caricatures. Nigger, like the caricatures it encompasses and implies, belittles blacks, and rationalizes their mistreatment. The use of the word or its variants by blacks has not significantly lessened its sting. This is not surprising. The historical relationship between European Americans and African Americans was shaped by a racial hierarchy which spanned three centuries. Anti-black attitudes, values, and behavior were normative. Historically, nigger more than any word captured the personal antipathy and institutionalized racism directed toward blacks. It still does.


© Dr. David Pilgrim, Professor of Sociology, and Dr. Phillip Middleton, Professor of Languages and Literature,
Ferris State University.
Sept., 2001
Edited 2012



1 An earlier version of this paper, entitled "Purposeful Venom Revisited," was published in Matthews (1999, pp. 91-93). David Pilgrim is a sociologist; Phillip Middleton is a linguist.


2 Dictionaries typically defined nigger as a synonym for Negro, Black, or dark-skinned people. See, for example, Wentworth (1944, p. 412). Recent dictionaries are more likely to mention that nigger is a term of contempt. Please read Williams (2001).


3 Even innocent words - boy, girl, and uncle - took on racist meanings when applied to blacks.


4 For a brief analysis of these terms see, Simpson (1989, pp. 401-405).

References

Allen-Taylor, J. D. (1998, April 9-15). New word order. Metro. Retrieved from http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/04.09.98/cover/nigger-9814.html.


Baraka, A. (1969). Black magic: Sabotage, Target study, Black art: Collected poetry, 1961-1967. 1969. New York, NY: Bobbs-Merrill.


Bender, L. (Producer), & Tarantino, Q. (Director). (1994). Pulp fiction [Motion picture]. United States: Miramax Films.


Bender, L. (Producer), & Tarantino, Q. (Director) (1997). Jackie Brown [Motion picture]. United States: Miramax Films.


Christie, A. (1982). Ten little niggers. Glasgow: Collins.


Driver, J. (2001, June 11). Black comedy's reactionary hipness: The mirth of a nation. The New Republic, 224, 29-33.


Ehrlich, H J. (1973). The social psychology of prejudice: A systematic theoretical review and propositional inventory of the American social psychological study of prejudice. New York, NY: Wiley.


Green, J. (1984). The dictionary of contemporary slang. New York, NY: Stein and Day.


Henderson, S. E. (1972). Understanding the new Black poetry: Black speech and Black music as poetic references. New York, NY: William Morrow and Company.


Jolly Jingles. (n.d.). Chicago, IL: M.A. Donohue & Company. Matthews, G. E. (Ed.) (1999). Journey towards nationalism: The implications of race and racism. New York, NY: Forbes.


Newmyer, R. F., & Silver, J. (Producers), & Fuqua, A. (Director). (2001). Training day [Motion picture]. United States: Warner Bros. Pictures.


Palmore, E. (1962, January). Ethnophaulisms and ethnocentrism. American Journal of Sociology 67, 442-445.


Schaefer, R. T. (2000). Racial and ethnic groups (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.


Shakur, T. (1991). Crooked ass nigga. Retrieved from http://lyrics.wikia.com/2Pac:Crooked_Ass_Nigga.


Simpson, J. A., & Weiner, E. S. C. (1989). The Oxford English dictionary. (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Wentworth, H. (1944). American dialect dictionary. New York, NY: Thomas Y. Crowell Co.


Williams, C. M. (2001). Nigger. In Kim Pearson's dictionary of slurs. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20090223185954/http://kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu/Dictionary/nigger.htm.
 
No American minority group has been caricatured as often, in as many ways, as have blacks. These caricatures combined distorted physical descriptions and negative cultural and behavior stereotypes. The Coon caricature, for example, was a tall, skinny, loose-jointed, dark-skinned male, often bald, with oversized, ruby-red lips. His clothing was either ragged and dirty or outlandishly gaudy. His slow, exaggerated gait suggested laziness. He was a pauper, lacking ambition and the skills necessary for upward social mobility. He was a buffoon. When frightened, the Coon's eyes bulged and darted. His speech was slurred, halted, and replete with malapropisms. His shrill, high-pitched voice made whites laugh. The Coon caricature dehumanized blacks, and served as a justification for social, economic, and political discrimination.


Nigger may be viewed as an umbrella term - a way of saying that blacks have the negative characteristics of the Coon, Buck, Tom, Mammy, Sambo, Picaninny, and other anti-black caricatures. Nigger, like the caricatures it encompasses and implies, belittles blacks, and rationalizes their mistreatment. The use of the word or its variants by blacks has not significantly lessened its sting. This is not surprising. The historical relationship between European Americans and African Americans was shaped by a racial hierarchy which spanned three centuries. Anti-black attitudes, values, and behavior were normative. Historically, nigger more than any word captured the personal antipathy and institutionalized racism directed toward blacks. It still does.


© Dr. David Pilgrim, Professor of Sociology, and Dr. Phillip Middleton, Professor of Languages and Literature,
Ferris State University.
Sept., 2001
Edited 2012



1 An earlier version of this paper, entitled "Purposeful Venom Revisited," was published in Matthews (1999, pp. 91-93). David Pilgrim is a sociologist; Phillip Middleton is a linguist.


2 Dictionaries typically defined nigger as a synonym for Negro, Black, or dark-skinned people. See, for example, Wentworth (1944, p. 412). Recent dictionaries are more likely to mention that nigger is a term of contempt. Please read Williams (2001).


3 Even innocent words - boy, girl, and uncle - took on racist meanings when applied to blacks.


4 For a brief analysis of these terms see, Simpson (1989, pp. 401-405).

References

Allen-Taylor, J. D. (1998, April 9-15). New word order. Metro. Retrieved from http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/04.09.98/cover/nigger-9814.html.


Baraka, A. (1969). Black magic: Sabotage, Target study, Black art: Collected poetry, 1961-1967. 1969. New York, NY: Bobbs-Merrill.


Bender, L. (Producer), & Tarantino, Q. (Director). (1994). Pulp fiction [Motion picture]. United States: Miramax Films.


Bender, L. (Producer), & Tarantino, Q. (Director) (1997). Jackie Brown [Motion picture]. United States: Miramax Films.


Christie, A. (1982). Ten little niggers. Glasgow: Collins.


Driver, J. (2001, June 11). Black comedy's reactionary hipness: The mirth of a nation. The New Republic, 224, 29-33.


Ehrlich, H J. (1973). The social psychology of prejudice: A systematic theoretical review and propositional inventory of the American social psychological study of prejudice. New York, NY: Wiley.


Green, J. (1984). The dictionary of contemporary slang. New York, NY: Stein and Day.


Henderson, S. E. (1972). Understanding the new Black poetry: Black speech and Black music as poetic references. New York, NY: William Morrow and Company.


Jolly Jingles. (n.d.). Chicago, IL: M.A. Donohue & Company. Matthews, G. E. (Ed.) (1999). Journey towards nationalism: The implications of race and racism. New York, NY: Forbes.


Newmyer, R. F., & Silver, J. (Producers), & Fuqua, A. (Director). (2001). Training day [Motion picture]. United States: Warner Bros. Pictures.


Palmore, E. (1962, January). Ethnophaulisms and ethnocentrism. American Journal of Sociology 67, 442-445.


Schaefer, R. T. (2000). Racial and ethnic groups (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.


Shakur, T. (1991). Crooked ass nigga. Retrieved from http://lyrics.wikia.com/2Pac:Crooked_Ass_Nigga.


Simpson, J. A., & Weiner, E. S. C. (1989). The Oxford English dictionary. (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Wentworth, H. (1944). American dialect dictionary. New York, NY: Thomas Y. Crowell Co.


Williams, C. M. (2001). Nigger. In Kim Pearson's dictionary of slurs. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20090223185954/http://kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu/Dictionary/nigger.htm.
 
WTA suspends tour until May 2 due to coronavirus
The WTA had already canceled events through April 12, including the Volvo Car Open in Charleston, South Carolina, but tour organisers have now suspended play until May 2. The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) suspended its tour for six weeks last Thursday due to the outbreak, while the International Tennis Federation also announced that it had suspended play until April 20 at the earliest.
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Four Nets players test positive for coronavirus

Four Brooklyn Nets players have tested positive for the coronavirus, the team announced Tuesday. Of the four players, one is exhibiting symptoms. All four are isolated and are undergoing medical care from team physicians, the team said in a statement. Sources told ESPN's Adrian Wojnarowski that the player experiencing symptoms woke up Tuesday with some aches. The Nets did not identify which players have tested positive. The four players join Utah Jazz stars Rudy Gobert and Donovan Mitchell and the Pistons Christain Wood as NBA players known to have tested positive for the COVID-19 virus. The vast majority of people recover from the virus. According to the World Health Organization, people with mild illness recover in about two weeks, while those with more severe illness may take three to six weeks to recover.

Click Here For More On The Story.
 
SEC becomes latest conference to cancel sports for 2019-20

The SEC has canceled all spring football games and pro days, along with all other regular-season conference and nonconference competitions for the rest of the 2019-20 athletic year, including all remaining SEC championships because of the coronavirus pandemic."This is a difficult day for all of us, and I am especially disappointed for our student-athletes," SEC commissioner Greg Sankey said in a prepared statement. "The health and well-being of our entire conference community is an ongoing priority for the SEC as we continue to monitor developments and information about the COVID-19 virus." Other SEC athletic activities, including team and individual practices, meetings and other organized gatherings, whether required or voluntary, remain suspended through at least April 15. Earlier Tuesday, the ACC announced it would cancel athletic activities through the end of the school year.

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