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Nascent Drama
- Thread starter Bickendan
- Start date
Dual
RIP Karl 1991-2014
English has had a long journey, from the forests of Germania to its home in England, and finally to the world, today reigning as perhaps the world's most influential language. It has changed much over that time; having vast numbers of new words introduced into its lexicon from diverse sources all over the world and spreading apace. Today, most of North America speaks English, New Zealand and Australia, too, speak it as a first language, while it enjoys official language status in India, South Africa, and numerous states all over the world. It is the language of commerce, the language of geopolitics, the language of aviation, and the language of tourism, and it was brought to this point by its long history.
classichummus
on a break from forums
I'm flat out amazing. my girlfriend agrees.
Kitty
Sinless and Purrfect
Time
The longer that humans are subjected to radiation the larger the dose will be. The advice in the nuclear war manual entitled "Nuclear War Survival Skills" published by Cresson Kearny in the U.S. was that if one needed to leave the shelter then this should be done as rapidly as possible to minimize exposure.
In chapter 12 he states that "Quickly putting or dumping wastes outside is not hazardous once fallout is no longer being deposited. For example, assume the shelter is in an area of heavy fallout and the dose rate outside is 400 R/hr enough to give a potentially fatal dose in about an hour to a person exposed in the open. If a person needs to be exposed for only 10 seconds to dump a bucket, in this 1/360th of an hour he will receive a dose of only about 1 R. Under war conditions, an additional 1-R dose is of little concern."
In peacetime, radiation workers are taught to work as quickly as possible when performing a task which exposes them to radiation. For instance, the recovery of a lost radiography source should be done as quickly as possible.
The longer that humans are subjected to radiation the larger the dose will be. The advice in the nuclear war manual entitled "Nuclear War Survival Skills" published by Cresson Kearny in the U.S. was that if one needed to leave the shelter then this should be done as rapidly as possible to minimize exposure.
In chapter 12 he states that "Quickly putting or dumping wastes outside is not hazardous once fallout is no longer being deposited. For example, assume the shelter is in an area of heavy fallout and the dose rate outside is 400 R/hr enough to give a potentially fatal dose in about an hour to a person exposed in the open. If a person needs to be exposed for only 10 seconds to dump a bucket, in this 1/360th of an hour he will receive a dose of only about 1 R. Under war conditions, an additional 1-R dose is of little concern."
In peacetime, radiation workers are taught to work as quickly as possible when performing a task which exposes them to radiation. For instance, the recovery of a lost radiography source should be done as quickly as possible.
classichummus
on a break from forums
you should agree too!!!!!!!!
Douche Pukehole
Gone.
clone lasagna
Kitty
Sinless and Purrfect
Reduction of incorporation into the human body
Potassium iodide (KI), administered orally immediately after exposure, may be used to protect the thyroid from ingested radioactive iodine in the event of an accident or terrorist attack at a nuclear power plant, or the detonation of a nuclear explosive. KI would not be effective against a dirty bomb unless the bomb happened to contain radioactive iodine, and even then it would only help to prevent thyroid cancer.
Potassium iodide (KI), administered orally immediately after exposure, may be used to protect the thyroid from ingested radioactive iodine in the event of an accident or terrorist attack at a nuclear power plant, or the detonation of a nuclear explosive. KI would not be effective against a dirty bomb unless the bomb happened to contain radioactive iodine, and even then it would only help to prevent thyroid cancer.
Dual
RIP Karl 1991-2014
Works Cited
Churchill, Winston S. A History of the English Speaking Peoples: Vol I: The Birth of Britain. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1956.
"History of the English Language." English Club. 21 Jan. 2009 <http://www.englishclub.com/>.
Kemmer, Suzanne. "Chronology of Events in the History of English." Chronology: History of English. 07 Sept. 2008. Rice University. 21 Jan. 2009
<http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/chron.html>.
Roberts, Paul. "A Brief History of English." Exploring Language. Ed. Gary Gosgarian. 11th ed. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2007. 39-47.
Wagner, Jennifer. "History of English." Indo-European Language Tutorials. 21 Jan. 2009 <http://www.ielanguages.com/enghist.html>.
Wilton, David. "A (Very) Brief History of the English Language." Wordorigins.org. 15 Jan. 2001. 29 Jan. 2009 <http://www.wordorigins.org/index.php/site/comments/a_very_brief_history_of_the_english_language3/>.
Churchill, Winston S. A History of the English Speaking Peoples: Vol I: The Birth of Britain. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1956.
"History of the English Language." English Club. 21 Jan. 2009 <http://www.englishclub.com/>.
Kemmer, Suzanne. "Chronology of Events in the History of English." Chronology: History of English. 07 Sept. 2008. Rice University. 21 Jan. 2009
<http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/chron.html>.
Roberts, Paul. "A Brief History of English." Exploring Language. Ed. Gary Gosgarian. 11th ed. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2007. 39-47.
Wagner, Jennifer. "History of English." Indo-European Language Tutorials. 21 Jan. 2009 <http://www.ielanguages.com/enghist.html>.
Wilton, David. "A (Very) Brief History of the English Language." Wordorigins.org. 15 Jan. 2001. 29 Jan. 2009 <http://www.wordorigins.org/index.php/site/comments/a_very_brief_history_of_the_english_language3/>.
classichummus
on a break from forums
I'm just a kool fool!
classichummus
on a break from forums
BOOOOOOBS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I LIKE THEM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Kitty
Sinless and Purrfect
Fractionation of dose
Devair Alves Ferreira received a large dose during the Goiânia accident of 7.0 Gy. He lived, while his wife received a dose of 5.7 Gy and died. The most likely explanation is that his dose was fractionated into many smaller doses which were absorbed over a length of time, while his wife stayed in the house more and was subjected to continuous irradiation without a break, giving her body less time to repair some of the damage done by the radiation. In the same way, some of the people who worked in the basement of the wrecked Chernobyl plant received doses of 10 Gy, but in small fractions, so the acute effects were avoided.
It has been found in radiation biology experiments that if a group of cells are irradiated, then as the dose increases, the number of cells which survive decreases. It has also been found that if a population of cells is given a dose before being set aside (without being irradiated) for a length of time before being irradiated again, then the radiation causes less cell death. The human body contains many types of cells and the human can be killed by the loss of a single type of cells in a vital organ. For many short term radiation deaths (3 days to 30 days), the loss of cells forming blood cells (bone marrow) and the cells in the digestive system (microvilli which form part of the wall of the intestines are constantly being regenerated in a healthy human) causes death.
In the graph below, dose/survival curves for a hypothetical group of cells have been drawn, with and without a rest time for the cells to recover. Other than the recovery time partway through the irradiation, the cells would have been treated identically.
Devair Alves Ferreira received a large dose during the Goiânia accident of 7.0 Gy. He lived, while his wife received a dose of 5.7 Gy and died. The most likely explanation is that his dose was fractionated into many smaller doses which were absorbed over a length of time, while his wife stayed in the house more and was subjected to continuous irradiation without a break, giving her body less time to repair some of the damage done by the radiation. In the same way, some of the people who worked in the basement of the wrecked Chernobyl plant received doses of 10 Gy, but in small fractions, so the acute effects were avoided.
It has been found in radiation biology experiments that if a group of cells are irradiated, then as the dose increases, the number of cells which survive decreases. It has also been found that if a population of cells is given a dose before being set aside (without being irradiated) for a length of time before being irradiated again, then the radiation causes less cell death. The human body contains many types of cells and the human can be killed by the loss of a single type of cells in a vital organ. For many short term radiation deaths (3 days to 30 days), the loss of cells forming blood cells (bone marrow) and the cells in the digestive system (microvilli which form part of the wall of the intestines are constantly being regenerated in a healthy human) causes death.
In the graph below, dose/survival curves for a hypothetical group of cells have been drawn, with and without a rest time for the cells to recover. Other than the recovery time partway through the irradiation, the cells would have been treated identically.
Kitty
Sinless and Purrfect
Treatment
Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency.
There are also a number of substances used to mitigate the prolonged effects of radiation poisoning, by eliminating the remaining radioactive materials, post exposure.
Treatment reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anaesthetics and antiemetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency.
There are also a number of substances used to mitigate the prolonged effects of radiation poisoning, by eliminating the remaining radioactive materials, post exposure.
Kitty
Sinless and Purrfect
Whole body vs. part of body exposure
In the case of a person who has had only part of their body irradiated then the treatment is easier, as the human body can tolerate very large exposures to the non-vital parts such as hands and feet, without having a global effect on the entire body. For instance, if the hands get a 100 Gy dose which results in the body receiving a dose (averaged over the entire body of 5 Gy) then the hands may be lost but radiation poisoning would not occur. The resulting injury would be described as localized radiation burn.
As described below, one of the primary dangers of whole-body exposure is immunodeficiency due to the destruction of bone marrow and consequent shortage of white blood cells. It is treated by maintaining a sterile environment, bone marrow transplants (see hematopoietic stem cell transplantation), and blood transfusions.
Chelation therapy can be useful to an extent if radiation poisoning is caused by the presence of heavy fissionable materials (e.g. radium or plutonium) in the bloodstream.
In the case of a person who has had only part of their body irradiated then the treatment is easier, as the human body can tolerate very large exposures to the non-vital parts such as hands and feet, without having a global effect on the entire body. For instance, if the hands get a 100 Gy dose which results in the body receiving a dose (averaged over the entire body of 5 Gy) then the hands may be lost but radiation poisoning would not occur. The resulting injury would be described as localized radiation burn.
As described below, one of the primary dangers of whole-body exposure is immunodeficiency due to the destruction of bone marrow and consequent shortage of white blood cells. It is treated by maintaining a sterile environment, bone marrow transplants (see hematopoietic stem cell transplantation), and blood transfusions.
Chelation therapy can be useful to an extent if radiation poisoning is caused by the presence of heavy fissionable materials (e.g. radium or plutonium) in the bloodstream.
Dual
RIP Karl 1991-2014
Last June, a California state judge ruled that same sex couples had the right to marry. Predictably, a ballot measure to ban gay marriage was soon proposed. Before the election, many people assumed that Prop 8 would be voted down, if by a small margin, but in fact, Prop 8 passed by a margin of over half a million votes, 5.8 million to 6.3. ¹
Kitty
Sinless and Purrfect
Experimental treatments designed to mitigate the effect on bone marrow
Neumune, an androstenediol, was introduced as a radiation countermeasure by the US Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, and was under joint development with Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals until March, 2007. Neumune is in Investigational New Drug (IND) status and Phase I trials have been performed.
Some work has been published in which Cordyceps sinensis, a Chinese Herbal Medicine has been used to protect the bone marrow and digestive systems of mice from whole body irradation.[17]
Recent lab studies conducted with bisphosphonate compounds have shown promise of mitigating radiation exposure effects.
Neumune, an androstenediol, was introduced as a radiation countermeasure by the US Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, and was under joint development with Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals until March, 2007. Neumune is in Investigational New Drug (IND) status and Phase I trials have been performed.
Some work has been published in which Cordyceps sinensis, a Chinese Herbal Medicine has been used to protect the bone marrow and digestive systems of mice from whole body irradation.[17]
Recent lab studies conducted with bisphosphonate compounds have shown promise of mitigating radiation exposure effects.
Dual
RIP Karl 1991-2014
California has a history of being a liberal state. We have some of the most open medical marijuana laws, we vote consistently Democratic, and we have one of the most diverse populations in terms of sexuality, ethnicity, and religion. So why did a state that went 61% for Obama simultaneously strip homosexuals of a basic civil right? Perhaps somewhat counter intuitively, the data suggests that Obama's unusually high turnout may have also driven Prop 8 to victory.
Kitty
Sinless and Purrfect
Table of exposure levels and symptoms
Annual limit on intake (ALI) is the derived limit for the amount of radioactive material taken into the body of an adult worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year. ALI is the smaller value of intake of a given radionuclide in a year by the reference man that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5 rems (0.05 Sievert) or a committed dose equivalent of 50 rems (0.5 Sievert) to any individual organ or tissue.[19] Dose-equivalents are presently stated in sieverts (Sv):
Annual limit on intake (ALI) is the derived limit for the amount of radioactive material taken into the body of an adult worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year. ALI is the smaller value of intake of a given radionuclide in a year by the reference man that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5 rems (0.05 Sievert) or a committed dose equivalent of 50 rems (0.5 Sievert) to any individual organ or tissue.[19] Dose-equivalents are presently stated in sieverts (Sv):