USA vs Russia...Because Ukraine can't defend itself.
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The Videos: Russia vs. Ukraine
By: CeeJay | March 4, 2022
Ukraine gets sports attention while in war. WOW!
By: CeeJay | March 8, 2022
The Videos: Russia vs. Ukraine
By: CeeJay | March 4, 2022
Ukraine gets sports attention while in war. WOW!
By: CeeJay | March 8, 2022
Charlemagne
Holy Roman Emperor
Technically, Betelgeuse is the red star in Orion's shoulder. And we might see it go supernova in our lifetimes, if certain models turn out to be correct.
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Charlemagne
Holy Roman Emperor
Heh. More like models about how far along it is with fusing each element in its core for fuel.
See, all stars begin life as main-sequence stars, like the Sun, fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores. The difference lies in how massive they are. The more massive a star, the quicker it burns through its hydrogen supply. Our sun is 5 billion years old, and has burned through half its core's supply of hydrogen. Betelgeuse, being 10 times as massive as the sun, fused all the hydrogen in its core into helium in a "mere" 10 million years. This has to do with the fact that throughout a star's life, it's caught in a delicate balancing act between gravity and heat. Heat released from the fusion reactions in the core threatens to cause the star to dissipate, while the star's own gravity threatens to make the star completely collapse. However, as long as the two forces balance each other out, the star remains happy and healthy. Thus, more massive stars, having stronger gravity, need to burn through their fuel faster in order to keep their cores hot enough to maintain balance.
Now, when a star finishes fusing hydrogen into helium, its core starts to collapse, getting denser and denser, and hotter and hotter. Eventually, the star's core becomes hot enough that it can start fusing helium into carbon... with some odd bits of oxygen and neon also getting created. But helium requires higher temperatures to fuse, and puts out less energy than hydrogen, so a star burns through its core's helium supply in only 10% of the time it took to burn hydrogen - 1 billion years for a star like the sun when it eventually becomes a red giant, 1 million years for Betelgeuse.
Now, in a star like the sun, temperatures and pressures never reach high enough levels to burn carbon, but in a more massive star like Betelgeuse, they do. Carbon is fused, producing mostly oxygen, neon, sodium, and magnesium, with some hydrogen and helium being released as side-products. It only takes a star about a thousand years to burn through its supply of carbon.
After carbon, neon is used as fuel. It takes the star only a few years to burn up its neon. Then comes oxygen. The star mainly produces silicon as the product of oxygen-burning, and the star will burn through its supply of oxygen in only 5 years. After that, it will have one final desperate attempt to stay alive, and fuse silicon into iron. Silicon-fusion is finished after only 24 hours. Once silicon fusion is done, the star will attempt to fuse iron... but there's a problem. Iron fusion puts out less energy than it takes to initiate, so now, the star can no longer maintain balance, and so collapses in on itself at nearly the speed of light. However, this much matter falling in at this high a speed causes shockwaves to form, which cause a rebound effect... and the rebound blasts the entire star apart in a supernova explosion. In a supernova, the temperatures become high enough for iron fusion to occur, in these explosions, all elements heavier than iron are formed.
Now, the models I mentioned suggest that Betelgeuse is just finishing up - if not completely finished - carbon-fusion. Or at least, it finished carbon-fusion 600 years ago, since it's 600 light-years away, and the light has taken 600 years to reach us. If this is true, then we have only about a decade before we see Betelgeuse go supernova. And when it does, it will be bright enough to see in the daytime sky. Luckily, Earth is far enough away to not have to deal with the immense radiation put out by the supernova.
See, all stars begin life as main-sequence stars, like the Sun, fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores. The difference lies in how massive they are. The more massive a star, the quicker it burns through its hydrogen supply. Our sun is 5 billion years old, and has burned through half its core's supply of hydrogen. Betelgeuse, being 10 times as massive as the sun, fused all the hydrogen in its core into helium in a "mere" 10 million years. This has to do with the fact that throughout a star's life, it's caught in a delicate balancing act between gravity and heat. Heat released from the fusion reactions in the core threatens to cause the star to dissipate, while the star's own gravity threatens to make the star completely collapse. However, as long as the two forces balance each other out, the star remains happy and healthy. Thus, more massive stars, having stronger gravity, need to burn through their fuel faster in order to keep their cores hot enough to maintain balance.
Now, when a star finishes fusing hydrogen into helium, its core starts to collapse, getting denser and denser, and hotter and hotter. Eventually, the star's core becomes hot enough that it can start fusing helium into carbon... with some odd bits of oxygen and neon also getting created. But helium requires higher temperatures to fuse, and puts out less energy than hydrogen, so a star burns through its core's helium supply in only 10% of the time it took to burn hydrogen - 1 billion years for a star like the sun when it eventually becomes a red giant, 1 million years for Betelgeuse.
Now, in a star like the sun, temperatures and pressures never reach high enough levels to burn carbon, but in a more massive star like Betelgeuse, they do. Carbon is fused, producing mostly oxygen, neon, sodium, and magnesium, with some hydrogen and helium being released as side-products. It only takes a star about a thousand years to burn through its supply of carbon.
After carbon, neon is used as fuel. It takes the star only a few years to burn up its neon. Then comes oxygen. The star mainly produces silicon as the product of oxygen-burning, and the star will burn through its supply of oxygen in only 5 years. After that, it will have one final desperate attempt to stay alive, and fuse silicon into iron. Silicon-fusion is finished after only 24 hours. Once silicon fusion is done, the star will attempt to fuse iron... but there's a problem. Iron fusion puts out less energy than it takes to initiate, so now, the star can no longer maintain balance, and so collapses in on itself at nearly the speed of light. However, this much matter falling in at this high a speed causes shockwaves to form, which cause a rebound effect... and the rebound blasts the entire star apart in a supernova explosion. In a supernova, the temperatures become high enough for iron fusion to occur, in these explosions, all elements heavier than iron are formed.
Now, the models I mentioned suggest that Betelgeuse is just finishing up - if not completely finished - carbon-fusion. Or at least, it finished carbon-fusion 600 years ago, since it's 600 light-years away, and the light has taken 600 years to reach us. If this is true, then we have only about a decade before we see Betelgeuse go supernova. And when it does, it will be bright enough to see in the daytime sky. Luckily, Earth is far enough away to not have to deal with the immense radiation put out by the supernova.
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After Putin speech on deal with mercenaries, Russia confronts divisions
As Russian President Vladimir Putin extolled the nation’s “unity and patriotism” and attempted to project a military consolidated behind him after a failed mutiny by Wagner mercenaries, Russians on Tuesday continued to confront jarring questions about divisions in the security forces and how the president allowed the country to reach a risk of civil war.
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Russia's war in Ukraine and fallout from Wagner insurrection
Estonian Foreign Minister Margus Tsahkna said Thursday that the Wagner rebellions is only the small part of a much larger problem for Russia. Tsahkna said the insurrection represents the "(tip) of the iceberg" for the Kremlin's troubles, and that he is waiting to see what develops in the coming weeks. There are questions now as to whether Russian President Vladimir Putin is weak, he said. But the “main matter” from the Estonian point of view remains Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, Tsahkna told CNN’s Isa Soares.
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NATO readies military plans to defend against bruised but unbowed Russia
NATO, as an organization, does not provide weapons or ammunition to Ukraine. It’s sought to avoid being dragged into a wider war with nuclear-armed Russia. At the same time, it is massively reinforcing the security of member countries near Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. Around 40,000 troops are on standby from Estonia in the north down to Romania on the Black Sea. About 100 aircraft take to the skies in that territory each day, and a total of 27 warships are operating in the Baltic and Mediterranean Seas. Those numbers are set to rise. Under its new plans, NATO aims to have up to 300,000 troops ready to move to its eastern flank within 30 days. The plans divide its territory into three zones – the high north and Atlantic area, a zone north of the Alps, and another in southern Europe. Russia’s armed forces are bruised but by no means beaten in the war in Ukraine, a top NATO military officer said Monday, as he laid out the biggest revamp to the organization’s military plans since the Cold War should Moscow dare to widen the conflict. “They might not be 11 feet tall, but they are certainly not 2 feet tall,” the Chair of the NATO Military Committee, Admiral Rob Bauer, told reporters. “So, we should never underestimate the Russians and their ability to bounce back.” U.S. President Joe Biden and his NATO counterparts are set to endorse a major shakeup of the alliance’s planning system at a summit in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius next week.
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Ukraine war: Major Moscow airport flights disrupted by drone attack
Five drones were reportedly used in Tuesday's attack, which also targeted locations in the wider region around the capital. The defence ministry said all the drones were shot down and there were no casualties or damage. Ukraine has not claimed responsibility for the alleged attack. Restrictions at Vnukovo airport, one of Moscow's three international airports, have now been lifted. Flights from Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt were among those affected. According to the defence ministry, four of the drones flying in the Moscow region were shot down by air defence systems. A fifth was intercepted electronically before crashing. "An attempt by the Kyiv regime to attack a zone where civil infrastructure is located, including an airport that receives international flights, is a new terrorist act," foreign ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said on Telegram. Russian state media said one of the drones crashed in the town of Kubinka, which is roughly 36km (22 miles) from Vnukovo airport in the south-west of the city. Another was reportedly shot down near the village of Valuevo, also near the airport. The BBC is trying to verify this information independently.
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Ukraine's Zelenskyy warns of possible Russian sabotage at nuclear plant
Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Russian forces have placed devices resembling explosives on the roofs of nuclear reactors at a power plant they control in southeastern Ukraine. Zelenskyy made the alarming claim in his nightly video address late Tuesday, adding that he believes the Russians may soon sabotage the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant and blame Ukraine. "We have information from our intelligence that the Russian military has placed objects similar to explosives on the roof of several power units," Zelenskyy said. The Zaporizhzhia plant is one of the largest in Europe with six nuclear reactors. Ukrainian officials say the possible explosive devices have been placed on top of the number 3 and number 4 reactors. Russia, in turn, claims Ukraine is planning military action against the nuclear facility.
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Ukraine-Russia war – live: Putin’s troops ‘suffer new losses near Bakhmut’ as counteroffensive continues
Ukrainian troops have advanced by more than a kilometre in the last day against Russian forces near the eastern city of Bakhmut, a military spokesperson said on Friday. His comments were the latest by Kyiv signalling that the counteroffensive it launched in early June is gradually making progress although Russian accounts of fighting in the Bakhmut sector differ from Ukraine’s.
“The defence forces continue to hold the initiative there, putting pressure on the enemy, conducting assault operations, advancing along the northern and southern flanks,” Serhiy Cherevatyi told Ukrainian television. “In particular, over the past day, they have advanced more than one kilometre (0.62 mile).” Elsewhere, the president of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko said there were “no war heroes” following Wagner’s attempted coup in Moscow after Vladimir Putin was hailed a hero by Russian state TV. Mr Lukashenko, ally to the president, told the BBC: “I think that no one came out of that situation a hero. “Not Prigozhin, not Putin, not Lukashenko. There were no heroes. And the lesson from this? If we create armed groups like this, we need to keep an eye on them and pay serious attention to them.”
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President Zelensky visits Snake Island as war enters 500th day
At the start of the war, Ukrainian soldiers defending Snake Island famously defied an order from a Russian warship to surrender. The Black Sea island was seized by Russia, but later reclaimed by Ukraine. In a video, the Ukrainian president called it a "place of victory" that would never be reconquered. In the undated clip, posted on Telegram, Mr Zelensky described it as proof that Ukraine would return every inch of its territory taken by Russia since the full-scale invasion began on 24 February 2022. "I want to thank from here, from this place of victory, each of our soldiers for these 500 days," Mr Zelensky said in the video, in which he was shown arriving on the island by boat and leaving flowers at a memorial. The Ukrainian president later announced he had returned from a visit to Turkey with five commanders captured by the Russians during last year's siege of the Azovstal steel plant in Mariupol. They had been in Turkey since September 2022 after being freed from Russian captivity as part of a wider prisoner exchange. The circumstances of their homecoming are unclear, as the original deal obliged them to remain in Turkey. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov told Russian news agency RIA that Moscow had not been notified of the prisoner release, Reuters news agency reported. "No one informed us about this," he was quoted as saying. "According to the agreements, these ringleaders were to remain on the territory of Turkey until the end of the conflict." Mr Peskov said the prisoner release came about because of pressure on Turkey from Nato ahead of a meeting next week.
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Russia's current account surplus (balance of trade) falls by 94%.
Russian economy dealt a crushing blow as current account collapses 93%
Russia's current-account surplus tanked 93% to $5.4 billion last quarter from the year-earlier period, Bank of Russia data show, dealing a fresh blow to the beleaguered economy.
markets.businessinsider.com
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Russia-Ukraine War: ‘We Will Not Waver’: Biden Affirms Support for Ukraine After NATO Summit
Over the course of a two-day summit in Lithuania, the leaders of NATO’s 31 member nations projected unity in their support for Ukraine in the face of Russia’s bloody invasion, promising new military support and making the strongest pledges yet that Kyiv would become a member — though they provided no clarity on when and how exactly it would happen. The consensus on Ukraine’s eventual membership and the agreement forged on the eve of the NATO gathering to clear the way to make Sweden the alliance’s 32nd member were significant successes. But the summit also reflected the diplomatic challenges inherent within an alliance that spans the Atlantic Ocean and now borders a war zone.
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Stop copying and pasting without offering any thoughts of your own. This is not your spam forum.
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Russia's war in Ukraine
- Ukraine says it is slowly grinding foward on the southern and eastern front lines as Russian forces throw 'everything they can' at halting the counteroffensive. Kyiv insists Western allies remain patient and willing to provide aid.
- The US is close to a decision on sending Ukraine ATACMs, a type of long-range guided missile that Kyiv has long sought, a top aide to Ukraine's president said.
- The Black Sea grain deal that ensures safe passage for Ukrainian exports expires Monday, and the UN is still trying to address Russia's objections as it threatens to quit the pact.
- The future of the Wagner private military group is murky in the wake of its short-lived rebellion last month. This week brought speculation about the organization's legal status in Russia, a potential new commander and the mercenaries in Belarus.
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Key Russian bridge to Crimea is struck again as Putin vows response to attack that killed 2
An attack before dawn Monday damaged a bridge linking Russia to Moscow-annexed Crimea that is a key supply route for Kremlin forces in the war with Ukraine, forcing the span’s temporary closure for a second time in less than a year. Two people were killed and their daughter was injured. Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered increased security at the 19-kilometer (12-mile) Kerch Bridge, repeating a call he made in October 2022 when the span was severely damaged by an explosion that Moscow also blamed on Kyiv. He also promised “there will be a response from Russia, of course.”
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Top US firms supplied equipment to keep Russian oil flowing after Ukraine invasion
Major American providers of oilfield services supplied Russia with millions of dollars in equipment for months after its invasion of Ukraine, helping to sustain a critical part of its economy even as Western nations launched sanctions aimed at starving the Russian war effort. The largest – SLB, formerly Schlumberger – maintained and even slightly grew its business after others eventually departed. It announced on Friday it would stop exporting equipment there as The Associated Press prepared to publish a report on the companies’ Russian operations. Russia imported more than 5,500 items worth more than $200 million from the top five U.S. firms in the sector — led by SLB, Baker Hughes and Halliburton — in the year following the invasion that began in February 2022. That’s according to customs data obtained by B4Ukraine and vetted by The AP. The technology helped keep some of the world’s most challenging oilfields operating in a sector that provided nearly half of Russia’s federal revenues in 2021. Baker Hughes and Halliburton wound down their Russian operations several months after the invasion, but until last week, SLB still sold technology there. It was “deeply shocking to find a U.S. company continuing to supply equipment to Russia’s oil and gas sector,” said Eleanor Nichol, executive director of B4Ukraine, a coalition of more than 80 nonprofits calling for multinationals to leave the Russian market.
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Russia-Ukraine war: Moscow warns ships in Black Sea; video appears to show Prigozhin for first time since mutiny – as it happened
- Russia says all ships travelling to Ukrainian ports on Black Sea to be considered carriers of military equipment from Thursday. Russia’s defence ministry said it would “flag countries of such ships … considered parties to the Ukrainian conflict”. The ministry did not say what actions it might take.
- Prigozhin says Wagner mercenaries will no longer fight in Ukraine war and will head to Africa. Prigozhin was shown in a video welcoming his Wagner fighters to Belarus and telling them they would for now take no further part in the Ukraine war, He also ordered his men to train the Belarusian army and collect their strength for a “new journey to Africa.”
- Russian media sources reported that Vladimir Putin will be attending the BRICS summit in South Africa next month via videoconferencing instead of in person. Earlier in the day it was announced that Putin would not attend the summit in South Africa “by mutual agreement” with the hosts. The international criminal court (ICC) has a warrant out for Putin’s arrest and South Africa is an ICC member, meaning they would have been obliged to arrest Putin if he entered the country.
- US announces $1.3b in additional security assistance for Ukraine. The package is set to include air defence capabilities and munitions. “This announcement represents the beginning of a contracting process to provide additional priority capabilities to Ukraine,” the Pentagon said in a statement on Wednesday.
- Ukraine’s air force said on Wednesday it downed 37 out of 63 targets in an Russian overnight missile and drone attack. The air force said critical infrastructure and military facilities had been attacked in the nighttime strikes, and that the main target was Ukraine’s southern Odesa region.
- The Guardian’s Shaun Walker described it as “a second noisy night for residents of Odesa, with numerous explosions audible from the centre of the city and officials telling residents to take cover in bomb shelters. Since Russia pulled out of the grain deal on Monday it has been targeting Ukraine’s main port city relentlessly.”
- “A difficult night of air attacks for all of Ukraine, especially in the south, in Odesa,” Serhiy Popko, head of the Kyiv’s city military administration, said on the Telegram channel.
- A fire broke out at the military training grounds in the Kirovske district on the Crimean Peninsula, the Moscow-backed governor of Crimea said on Wednesday. The fire forced the closure of the nearby Tavrida Highway, Sergei Aksyonov said on the Telegram messaging app.
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